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SOP2
Skala Optimismus-Pessimismus-2
Short abstract
The SOP2 with two items allows an economic measurement of the psychological characteristic optimism-pessimism. It is based on the construct definition of optimism-pessimism according to Scheier and Carver (1985). Reliability: Reliability (McDonald's omega) lies in three samples between omega = .74 and omega = .83. Validity: Analyses of the internal structure suggest that a general factor model with two group factors for positive and negative expectations and a superordinate factor "Generalized expectations" adequately describes the data. High correlations are expected to be achieved with the Life Orientation Test Revised, with global life satisfaction (r = .46-.58), the cognitive and affective components of self-concept, self-efficacy (r = .43) and self-esteem (r = .55), and the personality traits neuroticism (r = -.38 to -.43) and extraversion (r = .33-.49) from the five-factor model. Moderate effects are found for the specific measures of satisfaction, physical and mental health indicators and the other personality traits from the five-factor model. With socio-economic success variables such as income and education, SOP2 shows small but still substantial effects. norms: Reference values (M and SD) are available broken down by gender, age group and educational level.
Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID). (2019). Open Test Archive: SOP2. Skala Optimismus-Pessimismus-2. Available at: https://www.testarchiv.eu/en/test/9006493
Citation
Kemper, C. J., Beierlein, C., Kovaleva, A. & Rammstedt, B. (2012). SOP2. Skala Optimismus-Pessimismus-2 [Verfahrensdokumentationen mit Items]. In Leibniz-Institut für Psychologie (ZPID) (Hrsg.), Open Test Archive. Trier: ZPID.
https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.6594
Short information
Short Name SOP2
English Name Scale Optimism-Pessimism-2
Authors Kemper, C. J., Beierlein, C., Kovaleva, A., Rammstedt, B.
Published in Test archive 2012
Copyright/Licence Copyright Autoren; CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0
Key words Optimism, Pessimism
Language versions deu
Construct Optimism-pessimism (Scheier & Carver, 1985)
Application age 18 years and older
Item number 2 items
Subscales None; optimism-pessimism
Application Time approx. 30 sec.
Interpretation time Very quickly.
Internal consistency: (according to McDonald) Omega = .74-.83.
Information on construct validity; correlations with socioeconomic success variables.
N = 1134; Reference values: mean values and standard deviations.
Applications Survey research
There is no abstract in English available. Short information about the measure can be found under Overview. More can be found on the German pages.
There is no review in English available. Short information about the measure can be found under Overview. More can be found on the German pages.
First published in
Kemper, C. J., Beierlein, C., Kovaleva, A. & Rammstedt, B. (2012). Eine Kurzskala zur Messung von Optimismus-Pessimismus. Die Skala Optimismus-Pessimismus-2 (SOP2) (Working Papers 2012|15). Mannheim: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften.
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Contact information
Prof. Dr. Christoph J. Kemper, Senior Reseacher, Koernerstraße 8, D-60322 Frankfurt
Prof. Dr. Constanze Beierlein, Hochschule Hamm-Lippstadt, Marker Allee 76-78, D-59063 Hamm
Dr. Dipl.-Psych. Anastassiya Kovaleva, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Biologie, Biologiedidaktik (Zoologie/Humanbiologie), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld
Prof. Dr. Beatrice Rammstedt, Stellvertretende Präsidentin, GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Abteilung Survey Design and Methodology, Quadrat B2,1, D-68159 Mannheim